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Central Declensions




III.b-8A.) Central Declensions

S.



III.b-8Aα.) Primary Central Declensions

Dialect #1

CaseWordformMeaning
Vocative/topicaltiye / tiya / tiyuYou (unisex) / You (feminine) / You (masculine)
Nominativemile / kila / kiluI (unisex) / She / He
Objectivemine / kina / kinuMe (unisex) / Her / Him
Subjunctivekiwe...the one who...

CaseWordformMeaning
Vocative/topicalradiyeMarks the addressee or topic of a statement
NominativeradileMarks the subject of a verb
ObjectiveradineMarks the object of a verb
SubjunctiveradiweMarks both the object of one clause and the subject of the next

Dialect #2

CaseWordformMeaning
Vocative/topicalye-ti / ya-ti / yu-tiYou (unisex) / You (feminine) / You (masculine)
Nominativele-mi / la-ki / lu-kiI (unisex) / She / He
Objectivene-mi / na-ki / nu-kiMe (unisex) / Her / Him
Subjunctivewe-ki...the one who...

CaseWordformMeaning
Vocative/topicalye-radiMarks the addressee or topic of a statement
Nominativele-radiMarks the subject of a verb
Objectivene-radiMarks the object of a verb
Subjunctivewe-radiMarks both the object of one clause and the subject of the next

Dialect #3

CaseWordformMeaning
Vocative/topicalye tiye / ya tiya / yu tiyuYou (unisex) / You (feminine) / You (masculine)
Nominativele miye / la kiya / lu kiyuI (unisex) / She / He
Objectivene miye / na kiya / nu kiyuMe (unisex) / Her / Him
Subjunctivewe kiye...the one who...

CaseWordformMeaning
Vocative/topicalyi radiyiMarks the addressee or topic of a statement
Nominativeli radiyiMarks the subject of a verb
Objectiveni radiyiMarks the object of a verb
Subjunctivewi radiyiMarks both the object of one clause and the subject of the next

Dialect #4

CaseWordformMeaning
Vocative/topicali’t-ey / i’t-ay / i’t-uyYou (unisex) / You (feminine) / You (masculine)
Nominativei’m-el / i’k-al / i’k-ulI (unisex) / She / He
Objectivei’m-en / i’k-an / i’k-unMe (unisex) / Her / Him
Subjunctivei’-em...the one who...

CaseWordformMeaning
Vocative/topicali’rad-iyMarks the addressee or topic of a statement
Nominativei’rad-ilMarks the subject of a verb
Objectivei’rad-inMarks the object of a verb
Subjunctivei’rad-imMarks both the object of one clause and the subject of the next



III.b-8Aβ.) Secondary Central Declensions

Not technically "cases" in the traditional sense of the word, these grammatical distinctions are nonetheless wrapped up in the Palæoboreanic case/declension system and can therefore at least be regarded as "honorary cases".

Dialect #1

CaseWordformMeaning
RelativeilwiWhat/which
Interrogativeilikwi / kwiliWhat/which [?]
DemonstrativeGenericilaniIt / The thing/object
ProximalilipiThis (one)
MedialilidiThat (one)
DistalilikiYon (thing/object)
QuantifyingExclusive?Something
Inclusive?Anything
Universal?Everything
Negativeile / ŋiliNothing

CaseWordformMeaning
RelativeradilweWhat/which light
InterrogativeradilikweWhat/which light [?]
DemonstrativeGenericradilaneThe light
ProximalradilipeThis light
MedialradilideThat light
DistalradilikeYon light
QuantifyingExclusive?Some light
Inclusive?Any light
Universal?Every light
NegativeradileNo light

Dialect #2

CaseWordformMeaning
Relativewili-niWhat/which
Interrogativekwili-ni / kwiliWhat/which [?]
DemonstrativeGenericnili-niIt / The thing/object
Proximalpili-niThis (one)
Medialdili-niThat (one)
Distalkili-niYon (thing/object)
QuantifyingExclusive?Something
Inclusive?Anything
Universal?Everything
Negativeŋili-ni / ŋiliNothing

CaseWordformMeaning
Relativeweli-radiWhat/which light
Interrogativekwili-radiWhat/which light [?]
DemonstrativeGenericnili-radiThe light
Proximalpili-radiThis light
Medialdili-radiThat light
Distalkili-radiYon light
QuantifyingExclusive?Some light
Inclusive?Any light
Universal?Every light
Negativeŋili-radiNo light



III.b-8Aγ.) Tertiary Central Declensions
CaseWordformMeaning
Ergativeradillis[si]Marks the agent of a transitive, passive, or causative verb
AbsolutiveradilliMarks the experiencer of an intransitive verb (by being left unmarked)
?radillit[ti]Marks the patient of a passive verb
Indirectiveradinnit[ti]Marks the indirect object of a ditransitive verb
Reciprocativeradillist[i]Marks the experiencer or patient if it is also the agent

S.


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